References
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2 Lim T G and Valencia M J, 1990, Conflict over natural resources in SE Asia and
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3 Poore D et al, 1989, No timber without trees
4 Westoby J, 1987, op. cit., p.264-5
5 See for example recent figures released by the government of Brazil, reported in
The Guardian (UK), 31/01/98
6 WRI, 1997, The Last Frontier Forests
7 Dudley N et al, 1995, Bad Harvest; WRI, 1997, The Last Frontier
Forests; Oldfield S et al, 1998, The World List of Threatened Trees
8 Oldfield S et.al. 1998, op. cit, p.17-18.
9 Krahn, 1998, Enforcement vs. voluntary compliance: an examination of the
strategic enforcement initiatives implemented by the Pacific and Yukon regional office
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10 KPMG, 1996, Canadian Environmental Management Survey.
11 Bass S, 1998, FSC and ISO approaches to Forest Certification: A comparison
and Suggested Ways Forward, DG8 Forest Certification Advisory Group, Briefing Note 2
12 Tropical Timbers, November 1996, vol 11 no 12, "Malaysia in Brazil",
p.2
13 New Straits Times, 05/11/96, " Investors always reminded to be sensitive
overseas"
14 ITTO 1996 annual report
15 Asian Timber, April, 1998, p11
16 Asian Timber, May 1998
17 Asian Timber, May 1998, p.6
18 Asian Timber, June 1998, p.6
19 Asian Timber, January, 1998, p.14; Merrill Lynch, June 1998
20 Asian Timber, April, 1998, p.32
21 FAO, 1997, Forest Products Yearbook 1995
22 Filer, C, 1997, in Environment and Development in the Pacific Islands,
p.70
23 Central Bank of Solomon Islands Annual Report 1995, p.17
24 Sizer N, 1996, Profit Without Plunder:Reaping Revenue from Guyana's Forests
Without Destroying Them, World Resources Institute, p. 33
25 Debroux and Karsenty, April 1998, " East Wind on the Congo Basin",
APFT News, No 5
26 Tropical Timbers, April 1998 and June 1997
27 Tropical Timbers, June 1996
28 Merrill Lynch, June 1998
29 Asian Timber, June, 1998, p.4
30 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit; Malaysian Timber Bulletin web site
07/29/98
31 Pacific Islands Monthly, March 1998
32 Asian Timber, May 1998
33 pers com, anon, June 1998
34 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit.
35 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit.; Tropical Timbers, June 1997 and
April 1998
36 Duncan, 1994, Melanesian Forestry Sector; Callister, 1992, Illegal
Tropical Timber Trade: Asia Pacific
37 SWIFT newsletter, 7/8 May 1998
38 ibid.
39 see Greenpeace, 1997, Logging the Planet; Debroux and Karsenty, 1997,
"I'Implantation des societes forestieres asiatiques en Afrique centrale" in Bois
et Forets Tropiques, No 254 (4).
40 Associates in Rural Development (ARD, Inc.), April 1998, Forest Policy Reform
Project, Forest Policy Transition Paper For Cambodia
41 See for example: Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit. and Congo Basin,
Guyana and Suriname sections of this report
42 Environmental Investigation Agency, 1996, Corporate Power, Corruption and the
Destruction of the World's Forests
43 Marchak M P, 1995, Logging the Globe, p173
44 Marchak M P, 1995, op.cit., p.174
45 Phoa J, 1995, in: Indigenous Peoples of Asia, Many peoples, One Struggle,
p.201
46 New Straits Times (Malaysia), 10/04/87, Timber freeze sparks 'war', The
New Sunday Times, 12/04/87, Who own what in Sarawak.
47 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, The big five in Sarawak.
48 Chin et al, 1992, Logging Against the Natives of Sarawak, INSAN,
p. 3-19
49 ibid.
50 Asian Wall Street Journal, 07/02/90, In Sarawak, a clash over land and power
51 ARD, 1998, op cit; Global Witness, 1998, Going Places
52 ARD, 1998, op cit, p2
53 ARD, 1998, op cit, p3
54 ARD, 1998, op cit
55 ARD, 1998, op cit, p19
56 ARD, 1998, op cit
57 The Edge (Malaysia), 14 April 1997, Eyes on Malaysians in Laos
58 Debroux and Karsenty, April 1998, op cit
59 Debroux and Karsenty, April 1998, op cit
60 Tropical Timbers, November 1996, Gabon
61 Enviro-Protect, 1996, Illegal logging and timber trade in Cameroon:
background and consequences
62 Debroux and Karsenty, 1997, " L'Implantation des Societes Forestieres
Asiatiques en Afrique Centrale: Rimbunan Hijau au Cameroun", in Bois et Forets
Tropiques, 1997, no. 254(4)
63 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op cit, p.12
64 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op cit, p.38
65 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op cit
66 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op cit
67 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op cit
68 Tropical Timbers, June 1996
69 Tropical Timbers, July 1996
70 Tropical Timbers, November 1996
71 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, March 1997, EIA of MPL and CAFECO
concessions, Korup Project Area, March 1997, p.21.
72 Tropical Timbers, November 1996
73 Tropical Timbers, June 1996
74 Debroux and Karsenty, 1997, op cit
75 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op cit
76 Tropical Timbers, June 1996
77 Tropical Timbers, June 1996
78 Duncan, 1994, A report on the Melanesian Forestry Sector
79 Post-Courier (PNG), March 1996, Taxes hit Malaysian loggers—Minister
80 Solomon Islands National Forest Resources Inventory Project, 1996; Central Bank
of Solomon Islands Annual Report, 1995
81 Solomon Star, 14/02/96, 5 Ministers committed to the High Court', 'Solomon Star,
26/05/95, Opposition blames loggers for downfall of NCP Gov't'
82 New Scientist, 27/01/96, Unwisdom of the Solomons
83 Agence France Presse, 22/04/98
84 Agence France Presse, 22/04/98
85 Berita Harian (Malaysia), 11/09/93
86 New Straits Times (Malaysia), 16/11/93
87 Rainforest Information Centre, 1994, Protecting the rainforests of PNG,
p.62
88 Rainforest Information Centre, 1994, op. cit., p56
89 The National (PNG), 21/06/94, Forest HQ Fire: Officials keep mum
90 Barry, 1992, Government threatens timber shutdown, World Rainforest
report, No21.
91 Colchester M, 1997, Guyana Fragile Frontiers; Loggers, Miners and Forest
Peoples, page 102
92 Colchester M, 1997, op. cit., p.107
93 Sizer N, 1996, op. cit., p.41
94 Flaming, 1995, in Colchester M, op. cit., p.114
95 Colchester M, 1997, op. cit., p.110
96 World Bank, 1993, Guyana. Private Sector Development, p.45
97 Staebrok News (Guyana), 29/10/1993
98 Sizer, 1996, op. cit. p46
99 Forest Peoples Programme, November 1997, More Logging in Guyana
100 Forest Peoples Programme, 28/04/98, Illegal logging discovered in Guyana
101 Staebrok News (Guyana), 20/07/1998
102 BBC Wildlife Magazine. May 1998, p.27
103 Sizer N and Rice R, 1995, Backs to the Wall in Suriname: Forest Policy in a
Country in Crisis, p.7
104 Colchester M, 1995, Forest Politics in Suriname, p.56-62
105 De Ware Tijd, 18/06/1998
106 De Groene Amsterdammer (The Netherlands), 1/04/1998
107 ibid.
108 FOEI-AP Friends of the Earth International-Amazon Project, 1996, Forest
Management at Loggerheads
109 Hering and Tanner, undated, Plunder for Profit, 'The UK and the Brazilian
mahogany trade'
110 ibid.
111 FOEI-AP, 1996: p.15
112 The Observer (UK), 31/01/1998
113 ibid.
114 Reuters, 13/02/1998
115 Report of the External Committee of Brazilian Congress to investigate foreign
companies in the Brazilian Amazon region, Brasilia, 1998
116 ibid.
117 ibid.
118 ibid.
119 Hong E, 1987, Natives of Sarawak; Survival in Borneo's Vanishing Forests,
p 38
120 Colchester M, 1992, Pirates, Squatters and Poachers; The Political
Dispossession of the Natives of Sarawak, p.21
121 During the period 1841-1946, the British adventurer and trader, James Brooke,
and his descendants took control of increasing amounts of land in North-West Borneo, where
Sarawak now stands. In 1946, Vyner Brooke ceded Sarawak to the British Governme
122 Hong E, 1987, op.cit., p.75-76
123 Sahabat Alam Malaysia, 1991, Community Forest Management in Sarawak: A
People's Alternative to Commercial Logging, p.14
124 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op.cit., p.21
125 ibid.
126 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op cit, p.18
127 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op cit, p.28
128 Forests Monitor, 1997, Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Isabel
Timber Company operations, p.10
129 Associates in Rural Development (ARD, Inc.), April 1998, Forest Policy
Reform Project, Forest Policy Transition Paper For Cambodia (Technical Version),
Executive Summary, p.9
130 Letter from Minister of Amerindian Affairs to Amerindian Captains
131 Bennet G, forthcoming in Amerindian Land Rights in Guyana, IWGIA, p.10
132 Forest Peoples Programme, April 1998, Illegal Logging Discovered in Guyana
133 Forest Peoples Programme, May 1998, Surinamese Government Still Refuses to
Recognise Indigenous and Maroon Land Rights
134 Suriname Constitution 1987, art. 41
135 Decree L-1, 1982, Basic Principles on Land Policy, art. 4.1
136 Decree L-1, 1982, art. 4.2
137 Forest Peoples Programme, May 1998, op. cit.
138 Hong E, 1987, op.cit., p.54
139 Caldecott, cited in Aiken and Leigh , 1992, Vanishing Rainforests The
Ecological transition in Malaysia, p102-3
140 Ngau H et. al., 1987, Malaysian Timber; exploitation for Who? in
Ecologist, Vol:17, p.175-179
141 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op cit
142 Woodley, 1994, Site visit to Silvania Products (S.I.) Ltd, Vangunu Island;
Solomon Star, 17/07/1994
143 ARD, 1998, op cit
144 IUCN, pers com 05/08/98
145 Sahabat Alam Malaysia, and World Rainforest Movement, 1989, The Battle for
Sarawak's Forests, p.102-3
146 Forests Monitor, 1997, Logging News, Isabel Island
147 Watson F, 1996, "A view from the forest floor: the impact of logging on
indigenous peoples in Brazil", in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (1996),
122: 75-82
148 ibid.
149 Jenkins C, 1991, Environmental Change and Human Health in Papua New Guinea,
p. 5-6,
150 see for example: Steinhauer-Burkart et al., 1997, op cit; Forests
Monitor, 1997
151 Ndoye O, Perez M R, Eyebe A, The Markets of Non-Timber Forest Products In
the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon
152 Sizer N, 1996, op. cit., p.12
153 Hong E, 1987, op. cit., p.209
154 Hong E, 1987, op. cit., Chapters 5 and 11; Colchester, 1992, op.cit.,
p.54-62
155 Sizer N, 1996, op. cit., p.52
156 Watson F, 1996, op. cit.
157 Colchester M, 1997, op. cit., p.120-124
158 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit.; Enviro-Protect, 1996, op. cit.
159 Case between Wan Jok and 41 others vs. Malaysian Government. Case held at
MiriSessions Court
160 Roos, 1998, People in and around the Forest, p.12
161 ibid.
162 Roos, 1998, op cit, p12-13
163 Roos, 1998, op cit, p13
164 Baie, 1993, in 'Oil Palm Plantations- Sarawak Natives Say No, Sahabat
Alam Malaysia, p.1
165 Agence France Presse, April 1998
166 Enviro-protect, 1996, op. cit.
167 see for example: Barraclough and Ghimire, 1995, Forests and Livelihoods;
Grainger, 1993, Controlling Tropical Deforestation, 1993; Marchak, 1995, Logging
the Globe; Hurst, 1990, Rainforest Politics, Ecological destruction in SE Asia;
World Rainforest Movement
168 Borneo Bulletin, 24/1/81
169 Ghee and Valencia, 1990, Natural Resources of SE Asia; Conflict over natural
resources in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, p.16
170 World Rainforest Movement, 1992, op. cit., p.35
171 International Tropical Timber Organisation, 1990 'The Promotion of
Sustainable Forest Management: A Case Study in Sarawak, Malaysia', Yokohama, Japan
172 Heyzer N, 1996 Gender, Population and Environment in the Context of
Deforestation; a Malaysian Case Study, United Nations Research Institute for Social
Development Asian and Pacific Development Centre, page 28
173 Saulei, 1984, cited in Hurst, 1990, op.cit.
174 Johnson B, 1991, Responding to Tropical Deforestation. An eruption of
crises—an array of solutions, An Osbourn Centre Research Paper. P19
175 Centre for Science and the Environment, 1987, The wrath of Nature:the impact
of environmental destruction on floods and droughts, cited in Dudley et al,
1995, op. cit.
176 Lennertz and Panzer, 1983, German Agency for Technical Co-operation cited in
Hurst, 1990, op cit
177 Dudley et al, Bad Harvest? The timber trade and the degradation of
the worlds forests. p42
178 Sahabat Alam Malaysia, 1989, op.cit., p.104
179 Enviro-Protect, 1996, op.cit; World Society for Protection of Animals and Ape
Alliance
180 WWF report cited in 'The Battle for Sarawak's Forests', 1989, Sahabat
Alam Malaysia, p.102
181 Sahabat Alam Malaysia, op.cit., page 100
182 Oldfield S et al, 1998, The World List of Threatened Trees, p.17
183 Gomez , 1994, Political Business, Corporate Involvement of Malaysian
Political Parties, p115
184 Malaysian Business, 16/07/94, Against all odds
185 KLSE web site 26/07/98, Aokam Perdana
186 Gomez, 1994, op cit. P.115
187 KLSE web site, 26/07/98, Aokam Perdana
188 Malaysian Business, 16/07/94, op cit
189 The Sun, (Malaysia), 25/01/95, 'Aokam and Idris for Myanmar tie-up'
190 Bloomberg news; Bernama, 2/08/1993, 'Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange reprimands
Aokam'
191 New Straits Times (Malaysia), 09/08/94, 'Aokam offered timber ventures by four
nations'
192 The Sun, Business section, 25/01/95, op.cit.
193 Asian Timber, undated article, 'Aokam shocks market with M$144m net loss'
194 Daily Express (Malaysia), 3/12/1997, 'Missing RM45m: Cops looking for Aokam
duo'
195 KLSE web site 26/07/98, Aokam Perdana
196 Bloomberg News; The Edge, 23/11/1997, 'Malaysian Police probe Aokam on Missing
Funds'
197 Bloomberg News; Bernama, 7/05/1998, 'Aokam Perdana putting together
restructuring plan', and 25/05/1998, 'Malaysia's Aokam plans purchase of timber rights
from Idris'
198 Bloomberg News, 26/05/1998, 'Aokam unit faces suit for failure to pay creditor'
199 The Star (Malaysia), 23/10/96, 'AKI buys timber concession holder in Gabon for
RM36million'
200 ibid.
201 KLSE web site 24/06/98, 'AKI, Announcement
202 KLSE web site 24/06/98, AKI, Announcement: MOU
203 Business Times (Malaysia), 31/12/97, 'Austral Amal secures timber permit in
Cameroon', and The Star, 31/12/97 'Austral gets timber concession'
204 KLSE web site, 07/27/98, 'Austral Amalgamated subsidiary list'
205 Berjaya Group Berhad Annual Report to Stock Shareholders, Kuala Lumpur, 1994,
in Sizer N and Rice R, 1995, op. cit., p.11
206 FoE Malaysia, 1992, Friends of Penang Hill, Save Penang Hill campaign
documents, cited in Sizer N and Rice R, 1995, op. cit.
207 Cheong S, 1995, Changes in Ownership of KLSE companies, p87
208 Cheong S, 1995, op. cit., p.89
209 Gomez, 1994, Political Business, Corporate Involvement of Malaysian
Political Parties, p.39
210 KLSE web site, 26/07/98, Berjaya Group Bhd
211 Business Times (Malaysia), 05/09/94
212 The Star (Malaysia), 17/05/94, 'Berjaya buys timber firm and gets concession in
the Solomons'
213 New Straits Times and Business Times (Malaysia), 21/07/94.
214 Business Times (Malaysia), 21/07/94
215 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong), 17/2/95, 'Bear's Put IPOs under pressure'
216 Solomon Star, 8/11/95
217 Sizer N, 1996, op.cit., p.45
218 ibid.
219 Sizer N, 1996, op.cit., p44
220 De West, 13/06/96, Our Forest is being wasted
221 Cheong, S, 1995, op cit, p.27
222 Star (Malaysia), 15/11/94, 'New player eyeing timber deal in Laos'
223 Bloomberg News, Bernama, 17/11/94
224 Bernama, 17/05/96, 'Malaysia's Best World Land to concentrate on property
business'
225 Gomez, 1995, op cit, p.57 and 148
226 KLSE web site, Damansara Realty shareholdings, 07/26/98
227 KLSE website, Long Huat Group shareholdings, 07/27/98
228 Business Times (Malaysia), 22/06/1996, 'Measures taken to turn Damansara Realty
around'
229 The Times Papua New Guinea, 6/02/1995, 'Damansara has no plans for downstream
processing'
230 Barry G, 20/01/1995, Forest Networking
231 The Times Papua New Guinea, 6/02/1995, op.cit.
232 Brunton B., April 1997, Electronically published Forest Update Papua New
Guinea.
233 Bloomberg News; Bernama, 10/07/98, 'Malaysia equity preview: Damansara'
234 The Star (Malaysia), 12/02/98
235 Bloomberg News, 07/05/98, 'Aokam Perdana putting together restructuring plan'
236 The Star (Malaysia) 30/1/97, 'Idris offered timber concessions in Africa'
237 Gomez , 1995, op. cit., p.57 and 144
238 Gomez, 1995, op. cit., p.138
239 S Cheong, 1995, op. cit., p.289
240 Business Times (Singapore) 12/12/93, 'Brokers rate Idris a buy despite Burma
venture uncertainty'
241 Malaysian Business, 16/07/94, op.cit.
242 The Sun Business ( Malaysia), 25/01/95, 'Aokam and Idris for Myanmar tie-up'
243 The Star (Malaysia), 30/01/96, 'Idris offered timber concessions in Africa'
244 Business Times (Malaysia), 29/06/96, Malaysia: 'Idris confident'; Business
Times (Malaysia), 22/04/96, Malaysia: 'Idris Hydraulic—Acquisition'
245 KLSE web Site, 07/26/98, Idris Hydraulic Subsidiaries list
246 Bloomberg News, 02/12/97
247 Halcrow, 1998, Initial environmental examination se-kong-se san and Nam
Dheun river basins hydro-power study, ADB, February, 1998
248 ibid., p.3-2
249 KLSE web site, 03/03/98, Innovest announcement
250 Tropical Timbers, November 1996, Vol. 11.
251 The Star (Malaysia), 30/05/97, Innovest to begin logging in Congo from
September; KLSE web site, 26/07/98.
252 The Star (Malaysia), 30/08/97
253 The Star (Malaysia), 20/11/97
254 The Star (Malaysia), 03/12/97, 'Innovest buys two timber concessions in the
Congo'
255 Bloomberg News, 04/12/97
256 KLSE web site, 26/07/98, Innovest
257 Kumpulan Emas Bhd Annual Report, 1996
258 Asia Inc., Oct 1995, 'Branching Out'
259 Standard Chartered Securities Research Limited, 16/07/93
260 KEB annual reports, 1995 and 1996; The Star, 24/12/97
261 Pers comm with officer of the Timber Control Unit, 21/12/1995; Solomon Star,
12/08/1994 Commissioner suspends company's logging licence
262 Internal report of site visit by an officer of the Division of Culture,
Environment, Tourism and Women, Gizo, February 1994
263 ibid.
264 Tour report, Silvania Products Ltd Vangunu Islands, Ministry of Forests,
Environment and Conservation, March 1994
265 New Straits Times (Malaysia), 15/08/94, 'Company: logging ban will be lifted'
266 Business Times (Malaysia), 13/07/94, 'K. Emas logging licence in Solomons may
be revoked'
267 Pers comm with officer of the Timber Control Unit, 21/12/1995
268 Forests Monitor, 1997, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: Isabel
Timber Company Operations, Santa Isabel Island, Solomon Islands, April 1997, p.13
269 Forests Monitor, 1997, ibid., pages10-12
270 Forests Monitor, August 1996
271 Business Times (Singapore), 20/05/94, 'Diversification pays off for Land and
General'
272 Gomez, 1995, op. cit., p.85
273 Gomez , 1995, op. cit., p.112
274 Land and General web site, 07/26/98
275 Gomez, 1995, op. cit., p.39
276 Asian Timber, June 1995; Wood Based Panels International, July 1995; Land and
General web site, 08/05/98
277 The Star (Malaysia), 5/07/97
278 Bloomberg News, GOH August 26, 1997
279 KLSE web site, 05/08/98, Land and General
280 Land and General web site, 26/07/98
281 Bloomberg News, GOH August 26, 1997
282 cited in Hoare, 1994, Investigation of Cakara Alam logging activities in
Arawe TRPs, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, draft report, November 1994,
Rainforest Information Centre
283 ibid..
284 The Times (PNG), 16/2/95, 'Landowners close off logging area in protest'
285 Land and General WEB site 07/26/98
286 Malaysia / Indonesia Timber Industry, W-I-CARR, August 1994
287 KLSE web site, 07/26/98
288 Malaysian Business, 1/01/1997, Lien Hoe Branches Out
289 Long Huat Group Annual report 1997
290 Business Times (Malaysia), 30/12/1995, 'Long Huat to start timber concession in
Sabah soon'
291 Business Times (Malaysia), 31/12/1997, 'Long Huat takes second look at PNG
deal'
292 Bloomberg News, 06/11/97
293 Business Times (Malaysia), 31/12/1997, op. cit.
294 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, 'The Big Five in Sarawak'
295 Greenpeace, May 1997, Logging the Planet, p.16
296 KLSE web site, 26/07/98, Jaya Tiasa Holdings
297 Cheong, 1995, op. cit., p.94
298 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, op. cit.
299 Greenpeace, 1997, op.cit., p.16
300 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, op. cit.
301 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, op.cit..
302 Asian Wall Street Journal, 07/02/90, In Sarawak, a clash over land and power
303 Letter to District Officer, Marudi, 28/04/93 [5a]
304 Environmental Investigation Agency, 1996, Corporate Power, Corruption and
the Destruction of the World's Forests
305 Financial Times (UK), 07/06/94, 'Log jam along the Rajang River'
306 Rainforest Information Centre, Protecting the Rainforests of PNG, 1994,
p.8
307 EMW, 1995, Our trees and all the wildlife have gone
308 Back to Office report, New Ireland Field Trip, 7th-21st November 1994,
Technical Division to ICAD Project [28]
309 Department of Environment and Conservation, Forestry Project, Compliance
Monitoring, LAK TRP, Namatanai District—New Ireland, May 1994[29]
310 Ibid.
311 Letter to the General Manager of RH, Kimbe, PNG dated 11/5/94 from the
.Division of Social Services, Health Branch [19]
312 Times of Papua New Guinea, 21/10/93
313 Dept. of Environment and Conservation, 13/10/93, Vanapa TRP Forestry Project
Compliance Analysis [5]
314 Henderson M, presentation at Oxford University, UK. 4/7/94
315 Brunton B, Electronically published Forest Update Papua New Guinea,
April 1997.
316 Post Courier (PNG), 18/5/94
317 Ecological Enterprises, Rainforest Campaign News, July 1993
318 Greenpeace, 1997, op. cit.
319 Post Courier ( Papua New Guinea), 12 February 1997.
320 The National (PNG), 26/06/98, 'Low prices force logging firm to ship machinery
out'
321 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit.; Steinhauer-Burkart et al,
1997, Report on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the timber concessions MPL
and CAFECO within the Korup project area, March 1997
322 Debroux and Karsenty, 1998, op. cit.
323 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p.vi; 22
324 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p22
325 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p23
326 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p.vii
327 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p.5
328 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p24 & 28
329 Steinhauer-Burkart et al, 1997, op. cit., p.28
330 Tropical Timbers, July 1997, 'Equatorial Guinea'
331 Debroux and Karsenty, 1997, op.cit.
332 unpublished WWF South Pacific note
333 Trading Post (Vanuatu), 17/01/1996
334 Report of the External Committe of Braxilian Congress to Investigate Foreign
Companies in the Brazilian Amazon Region, Brazilia 1998
335 Asian Timber, April 1998
336 The National (PNG), 26/06/98, 'Low prices force logging firm to ship machinery
out'
337 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, op.cit..
338 Lingui Developments Bhd. Annual report, 1995
339 Colchester M, 1997, op.cit., p.103
340 Forest Peoples Programme, 30 /06/1997, Indigenous Peoples in Guyana Complain
to Government About Multinational Miners and Loggers
341 Sizer N, op. cit., p.41
342 Colchester M, 1994 in The Ecologist, March/April 1994, The New Sultans
343 Sizer N, op. cit., p.40
344 Colchester, 1994, in The Ecologist, March/April 1994, op.cit.
345 Forest Peoples Programme, 30 June 1997, op.cit.
346 Colchester M, 1994, in The Ecologist, March/April 1994, op.cit.
347 ibid.
348 World Rainforest Movement /Amerindian Peoples Organisation, 1994, Field Survey
Report.
349 Global Witness, March 1997, Tug of War—The Struggle to Protect
Cambodia's Forests'
350 Global Witness, June 1997, Just Deserts for Cambodia, Deforestation and the
Co-Priministers' Legacy to the Country
351 World Bank, 1996, Forest Policy Assessment Cambodia, WB, UNDP, FAO
352 Global Witness, June 1997, op. cit.
353 ibid.
354 letter: Ref: 2116, of 29/04/1997, from Minister of Agriculture to Han Chen
Kong, director of SL International
355 Report of the External Committe of Braxilian Congress to Investigate Foreign
Companies in the Brazilian Amazon Region, Brazilia 1998
356 KLSE web site, 26/07/98, Glenealy plantations subsidiaries and associated
companies page.
357 GOH 22/12/97, TimberMaster—Good growth potential seen
358 The Star (Malaysia), 19/04/97, 'TimberMaster clinches million hectare rights'
359 Business Times (Malaysia), 19/01/96, 'Nod for purchase of Malawi timber
company'
360 Bloomberg News, 15/03/96, 'TimberMaster discloses more information on its
ventures'
361 GOH, 22/12/97, op.cit.
362 New Straits Times (Malaysia), 16/03/97, 'Venture to secure Madagascar timber
concession'
363 GOH, 22/12/97, op. cit.; Bloomberg News, 03/03/97; Star (Malaysia),
19/04/97, 'TimberMaster clinches million hectare rights'
364 The Star (Malaysia), 19/04/97, 'TimberMaster clinches million hectare rights'
365 Ibid.
366 KLSE web site, 26/07/98, TimberMaster
367 KLSE web site, 06/08/98, TimberMaster
368 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/1994, op.cit.
369 Ibid.
370 Bloomberg News, 06/11/97
371 Bloomberg News, 05/04/98
372 KLSE web site, 27/07/98, 'Announcment details for WTK Holdings Berhad'
373 Manser B, 1996, Voices From The Rainforests: Testimonies of a Threatened
People
374 Vanimo TPR Landowners Association, 13/01/1995, Letter to the Hon. Minister of
Forests.
375 Brunton B, April 1997 Electronically published Forest Update Papua New
Guinea.
376 Report of the External Committe of Braxilian Congress to Investigate Foreign
Companies in the Brazilian Amazon Region, Brazilia 1998.
377 Borneo Post (Sarawak, Malaysia), 28/06/97
378 Global Response Action, #1/January 1997, 'Logging on Maya Lands.'
379 Rainforest Action Network, November 1996, Action Alert 124, Maya Land on the
Chopping Board in Belize
380 The Star (Malaysia), 31/05/95, 'PNG timber plans for Chew Piau'
381 Zimbabwe Independent, Extracts 25-31 October 1996.
382 ibid.
383 Business Times (Singapore), 1/05/1993, 'Malaysian timber tycoon sentenced to
four years' jail for fraud'
384 Business Times (Singapore) op.cit.
385 Vientiane Times (Laos), 23/04/1997
386 Asia Pulse, 22/05/1997
387 The Edge (Malaysia), 12/09/94, op.cit.
388 Report of the External Committe of Braxilian Congress to Investigate Foreign
Companies in the Brazilian Amazon Region, Brazilia 1998
389 Stabroek News (Guyana), 4 April 1997
390 Guyana Human Rights Association, 17/04/1997, Press Release: Malaysian
Investors Include Arms Dealers?
391 Forest Monitor, 1997
392 Business Times (Malaysia), 4/04/1995
393 New Straits Times, 21/04/95, 'Local timber firm refutes claims'
394 DSE News, April-June 1995.
395 Greenpeace Pacific, November 1995, Environmental Impact Report.
396 Register of Companies official documents, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
397 Greenpeace Briefing, January 1996, Logging in Solomon Islands Takes Its Toll
398 Business Times (Malaysia), 14/09/1994.
399 Colchester M, 1997, op.cit., p.106
400 Stabroek News, 20/4/98
401 Brunton B, 1996, Electronically published Forest Update on Papua New Guinea.
402 MINC Corporate Consultants (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., 1996
403 Marshall G, 1995, Unpublished resaearch into PNG corporate ownership.
404 Sizer N, 1996, op.cit., p.45
405 Guyana Chronicle, (Guyana), 13/05/1997.
406 The Edge, 14/04/1997
407 ibid.
408 New Frontiers, January-February 1998
409 MINC Corporate Consultants (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., 1996
410 Stabroek News (Guyana), 13/02/1998
411 Guyana Chronicle (Guyana), 17/02/1998
412 Stabroek News (Guyana), 27/11/1998
413 Sizer N, 1996, op.cit., page 45
414 Stabroek News (Guyana), 16-21/02/1998
415 ibid.
416 Stabroek News (Guyana), 23/04/1998
417 Stabroek News (Guyana), 16/02/1998
418 Forest Peoples Programme, April 1998, Illegal Logging Discovered in Guyana
