Partie I Vue d’ensemble de la région
1 Cited in Witte J, 1992, "Deforestation in Zaire: Logging and Landlessness", The Ecologist Vol 22 No 2
2 DFID, 2000, Report of the Preliminary Workshop on the Contribution of the Forestry Sector to Poverty Alleviation in Cameroon, Kribi, Jan 31 to Feb 01, 2000, E Hakizumwami and C. Milol eds
3 Ibid
4 Hardwoodmarkets.com, September 2000
5 Brown K and F Ekoko, 2001, "Forest Encounters: Synergy among agents of forest change in southern Cameroon", Society and Natural Resources, 14 in press
6 Ibid
7 Luling V and J Kenrick, 1998, Forest Foragers of Tropical Africa, Survival International
8 Colchester M, D. Jackson and J. Kenrick, 1998, "Forest Peoples of the Congo Basin: past exploitation, present threats and future prospects", in The Congo Basin — Human and Natural Resources, Netherlands Committee for IUCN, Amsterdam.
9 WWF Belgium, 1997, La Filière Bois dans la Zone UDEAC
10 Ngoun J, 1999, "Pygmies and Industrial Logging: The Case of the Bagyeli of Southern Cameroun", paper presented at the International Conference of Forest Ecosystems and Development in the South and East of Cameroun, Yaoundé, 16-17 February 1999
11 Colchester M, 1994, Slave and Enclave, WRM, Penang
12 The Sunday Times (UK), 14th November 1999
13 Hardwoodmarkets.com, June 2000
14 See, for example, High Stakes, the first publication in this report series.
15 Marchés Tropicaux, 26 Mai 2000
16 Gerard N, 1999, "The EU and tropical forests: on a new track", FERN newsletter
17 Ibid
18 Hardwoodmarkets.com, December 2000, p3.
19 Ibid, p.11
20 Johnson S, 2000, "Success and Responsibility in the Tropical Timber Market". ITTO Newsletter, v10, n3
21 letter to the Operations Evaluation Department of the World Bank from Rainforest Action Network (13/05/2000)
22 Enviro-Protect, 1997, Illegal logging and timber trade in Cameroon: background and consequences
23 Ibid
24 Callister D, 1999, Corrupt and Illegal Activities in the Forestry Sector: Current understandings and implications for World Bank forest policy. Draft.
25 http://www.fern.org/Trade/acceptance_of_environmental_and_.htm. 25/01/01. For a fuller discussion of this issue please see the trade section of the Fern web site.
26 PPR, 1999, Annual Report and group website www.pprgroup.com/uk
27 ATIBT information sheet and ATIBT web site
28 Pers comm. president of ATIBT, 3rd January 2001
La question du Moabi
1 Schneemann J, 1995, "Exploitation of Moabi in the Humid Dense Forests of Cameroon. Harmonization and improvement of two conflicting ways of exploitation of the same forest resource." In BOS NiEuWSLETTER no. 31, vol. 14 (2)
2 Ibid
3 Ibid
4 Schneemann J, 1994, Étude sur l’utilisation de l’arbre moabi dans l’est-cameroun, SNV ; L Debroux, 1998, L’aménagement des forêts tropicales fondé sur la gestion des populations d’arbres: l’exemple du moabi (Biallonella toxisperma Pierre) dans la forêt du Dja, Cameroon Laurent Debroux, 1998, PhD Dissertation, Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux
5 Schneemann J, 1995
6 Schneemann J, 1995
7 Brisson, 1988, "Utilisation des plantes par les Pygmées Baka", in J Schneemann, 1994
8 Schneemann J, 1994
9 Schneemann J 1995
10 Schneemann J 1995
11 Schneemann J
12 Pers Comm Filip Verbelen
13 ATIBT Newsletter July 1999 based on SGS
14 Breugel van M. and T. Wanders 1995 Forestry in Equatorial Guinea , Department of Forestry, Agricultural University of Wageningen ; Wagenigen 1995 and OCIPEF
15 Schneemann J, 1994
16 Schneemann J, 1994
17 Schneemann J 1995
18 Debroux L, 1998
19 Schneemann J 1995
20 Greenpeace, 2000, Against the Law: the G8 and the illegal timber trade ; Nantes, Maquis Tropical, La Flèche No. 34, 1999, p. 16.
21 Debroux L, 1998
22 Debroux L, 1998 ; J Schneemann, 1995
23 Essama-Nssah B and James J. Gockowski, 2000, Forest sector development in a Difficult Political Economy: An evaluation of Cameroon’s Forest Development and World Bank Assistance, Preliminary report, Operations Evaluation Department World Bank
Utilisations indigènes du Sapelli dans le Nord du Congo
1 Bahuchet 1972.
2 Motte (1979:99) reports the use of sapelli bark and trunk in the treatment of abscesses by the Aka Pygmies of the Central African Republic.
Partie II Présentation des pays
Cameroun
1 Eba’a Atyi R, 1998, Cameroon’s Logging Industry: Structure, Economic Importance and Effects of Devaluation, Occasional Paper No 14, CIFOR
2 Jubilee 2000 country profile, www.jubilee2000ukorg/profile/cameroon.html
3 http://www.transparency.org/documents/cpi/1998/index.html
4 WRM/FM, 1998, High Stakes
5 DFID, 2000
6 Global Forest Watch, 2000, An overview of logging in Cameroon
7 Global Forest Watch, 2000, Cameroon
8 Global Forest Watch, 2000
9 Hardwoodmarkets.com, june 2000
10 Ibid
11 Ibid
12 Ibid
13 Ibid
14 Tropical Timbers, 1999, vol 14 no 9
15 Ibid ; hardwoodmarkets August 2000
16 http://www.greenpeace.be/index_main.php3?taal=f&vx=3
17 A World Bank document seen during Forest Movement Europe meeting 1999 obtained by Rainforest Action Network
18 Pers. Comm. a representative of the country leading EU negotiations on this issue, Yaoundé, 10/1999
19 Brown K and F Ekoko, 2001
20 Ibid
21 MINEF/Banque mondiale, Août 1999, Rapport de la mission conjointe dans la province de l’Est
22 Pers Comm. Maryvonne Bretin-Winklemolen, also Jerome Lewis
23 Kenrick J and V Luling, 1998
24 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens, 11/12/1992
« La chèvre broute où elle est attachée »
1 Max Weber, Economie et société, p.352.
2 Ibid, p. 342.
3 Ibid, p. 327.
4 World Bank, 1998, Report and Recommendation of the President of the International Development Association to the Executive Directors on a proposed credit of SDR 133.5 million to the Republic of Cameroon for a Third Structural Adjustment Credit, p. 17.
5 MINEF/Banque mondiale, Août 1999, p. 5.
6 Global Forest Watch, Cameroon, 2000, p. 48.
République Centrafricaine
1 African Development Bank, 1999, Basic Indicators on African Countries
2 Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK), 1999, Central African Republic Background Briefing
3 Government of CAR, 2000, Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies for 2001, downloaded from www.imf.org
4 Jubilee 2000, CAR Country Profile, www.jubilee2000uk.org
5 Stenberg M, 1995, Rainforest of the Central African Republic, Minor Field Study, January-March 1995, Valla Folk Highschool, Linkoping, Friends of the Earth Sweden.
6 Government of CAR, 2000
7 Ministère de l’environnement, des eaux, forêts, chasses et pêches (MEEFCP), Les Chiffres Clés Secteur Forestier
8 MEEFCP communication
9 WWF Belgium, 1997
10 Ecofac, 1999, "Initiation à la biogéographie: Suivi de l’application d’un plan d’aménagement en Centrafrique", Canopée n. 14 May 1999
11 Stenberg M, 1995
12 Stenberg M, 1995
13 MEEFCP, 1997, Inventaire des Forêts du sud-ouest Centrafricain, Direction des Forêts
14 WWF Belgium, 1997
15 Ibid
16 Ibid
17 MEEFCP, 1997
18 MEEFCP, Fiche Signalétique des Sociétés Forestières en Centrafrique
19 WWF Belgium, 1997
20 Ibid
21 Ibid ; M Stenberg, 1995
22 WWF Belgium, 1997
23 Economist Intelligence Unit, 1999, Cameroon and Central African Republic — Country report ,Q3
24 Ibid
25 MEEFCP, Les Chiffres Clés Secteur Forestier
26 Hardwoodmarkets.com, September 2000
27 ITTO newsletter v10 n3
28 World Association of Newspapers and the World Editors Forum. Source: African news online, May 19, 2000
29 www.excite.com/travel/countries/central_afrian_republic/?page=overview
30 African news online, May 19, 2000 ; http://africanews.org/c…lic/stories/20000519/20000519_feat1.htm
31 Kalk P, 1993, Central African Republic ; Economist Intelligence Unit ,1999
32 Kenrick J, 1990, Deforestation and the Forest People of Central Africa, Report Produced for INFOE and RAN
33 ECOFAC, 1999
34 Stenberg M, 1995
35 For example, see maps
36 Stenberg M, 1995
37 Information provided by Forest Peoples Programme (FPP), May 2000
38 Ibid
39 Ibid
40 Ibid
41 Ibid
42 Stenberg M, 1995
43 FPP, May 2000
Congo (Brazzaville)
1 WWF Belgium, 1997
2 http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,114548+1+108329,00.html
3 African Development Bank, 1999, Basic Indicators
4 IUCN, 1997, Sustainable Tropical Forest Management by Private Concessionaires: an assessment of the possibilities and risks using the example of the CIB (Congolaise Industrielle du Bois) A study conducted by IUCN — The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland, with the support of BMZ, April 1997.
5 Amnesty International, 2000, Annual Report
6 IMF, 2000, Public Information Notice 00/105, 17th November 2000
7 Ibid
8 World Bank, "Donors Consultation Meeting on Republic of Congo", Press Release, October 6, 2000
9 CFIE, 1998, Les entreprises françaises et l’exploitation des forêts tropicales Africaines, Centre Français d’information sur les entreprises
10 Ibid
11 Ibid
12 IUCN, 1997
13 WWF Belgium, 1997
14 IUCN, 1997
15 CFIE, 1998
16 Ibid
17 IUCN, 1997
18 Fay M and A Vedder, 1997 Fate of the Forest: Accelerated Logging in the Central African Basin — Congo as a Case Study, Discussion Paper by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), New York.
19 Ibid
20 WWF Belgium, 1997
21 CFIE, 1998
22 Djombo H, 1998, "Congo Brazzaville" in Les écosystèmes des forêts denses et humides d’Afrique Centrale, Actes de la Deuxième Conférence, Bata, 8 — 10 Juin 1998
23 CFIE, 1998
24 CFIE, 1998
25 Marchés Tropicaux, 10 March 2000
26 Economist Intelligence Unit, 1999, Congo-Brazzaville — Country Report Q3
27 Fay M and A Vedder, 1997
28 Economist Intelligence Unit, 1999, Congo-Brazzaville — Country Report, Q4
29 Marchés Tropicaux , 7 Mai 2000
30 Economist Intelligence Unit 1999, Q3
31 La Lettre du Continent, 13 Janvier 2000.
32 IUCN, 1997
33 WWF Belgium, 1997
34 Sizer, N and D Plouvier, 2000 ; Tropical Timbers 1999, volume 14, n. 2
35 www.woya.com/news/french/pana/articles/1999/03/01/FRE00.shtm
36 Marchés Tropicaux, 10 March 2000
37 www.woya.com/news/french/pana/articles/1999/03/01/FRE00.shtm and Panafrican news agency (PANA) Daily Newswire World Reporter (26:Q1) 28.02.2000
38 Hardwoodmarkets.com, September 2000
39 Ibid
40 CFIE, 1998
41 CFIE, 1998
42 ECOFAC, Congo: Park national d’Odzala. http://www.ecofac.org/Composantes/CongoOdzala.htm
43 Rice T and S Counsell 1993, Forests Foregone, Friends of the Earth ; Europe Outremer, 1986, L’Afrique Oriental d’Expression Française et Madagascar ; Wilkie, D S, J G Sidle and G C Boundzanga, 1992, Mechanised Logging, market hunting and a bank loan in Congo, Conservation Biology.
44 Rice T and S Counsell 1993
45 Colchester M, 1994
46 La Lettre du Continent,09/09/1985 and 03/08/1988
47 Colchester M 1994
48 Economist Intelligence Unit 1999, Congo-Brazzaville — Country Report Q3.
49 CFIE, 1998
50 Djombo H, 1995, Alerte sur l’exploitation anarchique de la forêt le la Likouala — Rapport, Association pour le Développement de la Likouala ; M Fay and A Vedder, 1997
51 Agence France Presse International (40:Q1) 02.11.1999
52 Ibid
53 FPP, May 2000
54 Ibid
55 Ibid
56 Ibid and February 2001
57 Panafrican news agency (PANA) Daily Newswire World Reporter (26:Q1) 28.02.2000
58 Ibid
République Démocratique du Congo
1 AIDEnvironment, 2000, Country Study, Democratic Republic of Congo
2 Wolfire, D. M., Brunner J, and N. Size, with C. Karr and D. Nielsen, 1998, Forests and the Democratic Republic of Congo: opportunity in a time of crisis, World Resources Institute
3 Ibid
4 Fairhead, J, 1989: 3, Food security in north and south Kivu. ZAK 630, Oxfam
5 FPP, May 2000
6 George, S., 1988, A Fate Worse than Debt
7 Jubilee 2000, DRC Country Profile, www.jubilee2000uk.org/profile/congo.html
8 African Development Bank,1999
9 Jubilee 2000
10 Wrong M, 2000, In the footsteps of Mr Kurz
11 Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK), 2000, News Democratic Republic of Congo
12 Forest Peoples Programme, February 2001
13 Amnesty International, 2000
14 WWF, 1998, "Kabila pledges to save environment in the Democratic Republic of Congo". WWF press release, 2/17/1998
15 Wolfire et al, 1998
16 AIDEnvironment, 2000
17 Wolfire et al, 1998
18 AIDEnvironment, 2000
19 Kenrick J, 1990
20 Kenrick J, 1990
21 AIDEnvironment, 2000
22 Kenrick J, 1990
23 AIDEnvironment, 2000
24 WRM, 2000, "The uncertain fate of forests in the Congo Democratic Republic" World Rainforests Movement. http://www.wrm.org.uy/nuevoweb/countries/CongoDR.html ; Greenpeace España 2000, Deforestación y Pobreza en Africa Tropical, Abril 2000
25 Wolfire et al, 1998
26 AIDEnvironment, 2000
27 Ibid
28 Ibid
29 Ibid
30 Kenrick J, 1990
31 FPP, May 2000
32 Wolfire et al, 1998
33 Ecofac, 1995, Désastre écologique pour les parcs nationaux de l’est du Zaire Canopee, N. 6 ; Wolfire et al 1998
34 Wolfire et al, 1998.
35 Ibid
36 Ecofac, 1995
37 Ibid
38 Kenrick J, 1990
39 FPP, May 2000
40 Kenrick J, 1990
41 Ibid
42 Ibid
43 FPP, May 2000
44 Kenrick J and V Luling, 1998
45 Albert Kwokwo Barume, 2000 (in press), Heading towards Extinction? Indigenous Rights in Africa : The Case of the Twa of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. Publ by IWGIA and Forest Peoples Programme.
46 WRM and Forests Monitor, 1998, High Stakes
47 Field visit, 1999 and AIDEnvironment, 2000
Guinée Equatoriale
1 African Development Bank Group, 1999
2 World Bank, 2000, Country Review
3 Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK), Background Briefing
4 Forindeco, 1993, "Forestry and Environmental Policy, Forest Legislation and Fiscality, forest concession policy, mimeo (first draft for comments)" in Breugel and Wanders 1995 ; and Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang, Minster of Forests and the Environment, 1998, Les Ecosystemes des Forêts Denses et Humides d’Afrique Centrale — Actes de la Deuxième Conférence, Bata 8 Juin 1998
5 Kenrick J and V Luling, 1998
6 Breugel van M. and T. Wanders, 1995, Forestry in Equatorial Guinea, Department of Forestry, Agricultural University of Wageningen
7 Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK), 1999
8 Ibid
9 Ibid
10 http://www.amnestyusa.org/ailib/aireport/ar99s/afr24.htm
11 http://amnesty.cupboard.org/cgi-bin/eatsoup.cgi?id=1166
12 http://amnesty.cupboard.org/cgi-bin/eatsoup.cgi?id=228
13 Ibid
14 IUCN, 1998, La Conservación de los Ecosistemas Forestales de Guinea Ecuatorial en los albores del año 2000, Oficina Regional de la UICN para Africa Central.
15 http://www.ecofac.org/Composantes/GuineeEquatMonteAlen.htm
16 Greenpeace España, 2000, Deforestación y Pobreza en África Tropical — La insostenibilidad social, ambiental y económica de la explotación forestal de los bosques tropicales de África
17 Breugel van M and T Wanders, 1995
18 Greenpeace España, 2000
19 IUCN, 1998
20 Ibid
21 Ibid
22 WWF Belgium, 1997
23 IUCN, 1998
24 article 32
25 article 33
26 IUCN, 1998
27 Ibid
28 Ibid
29 Breugel van M and T Wanders, 1995
30 WWF Belgium, 1997
31 Ibid
32 Ibid
33 IUCN, 1998
34 WWF Belgium, 1997
35 Breugel van M and T Wanders, 1995
36 IMF, 1999, country report 99/113, p.13
37 IUCN, 1998
38 Ibid
39 Breugel van M and T Wanders, 1995
40 WWF Belgium, 1997
41 IUCN, 1998
42 Ibid
43 WWF Belgium, 1997
44 Ibid
45 Ibid
46 IUCN, 1998
47 WWF Belgium, 1997
48 Ibid
49 Ibid
50 IUCN, 1998.
51 Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK), 2000, Background Briefing
52 http://www.ecofac.org/Composantes/GuineeEquatMonteAlen.htm
53 Fegley R, 1989, Equatorial Guinea: an African Tragedy, and Gumaz L M, 1989, Small is not always beautiful: the story of Equatorial Guinea.
54 Ibid
55 http://www.afd.fr/english/groupe/reseau_agences_results.cfm?id+2
56 http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/4/0,5716,33414+1+32840,00.html
57 Breugel van M. and T. Wanders, 1995
58 Sizer N and Plouvier D, 2000
59 IUCN, 1998
Gabon
1 Sizer N and Plouvier D, 2000
2 National Implementation of Agenda 21 — Profile du Gabon. www.un.org/esa/easrthsummit/gabn-cp.htm
3 Ibid
4 Government of Gabon, 2000, Letter of Intent and Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies of the Government of Gabon, September 12, 2000, viewed at www.imf.org
5 CFIE 1998
6 African Development Bank, 1999
7 CFIE, 1998 ; World Bank, 2000, Country Brief
8 Government of Gabon, 2000
9 World Bank, Country Brief 2000 ; Reuters 21/04/2000
10 Jubilee 2000 ; World Bank, 2000
11 The Sunday Times, 14/11/99 ; Le Monde 25/10/99
12 WWF Belgium, 1997
13 CFIE 1998
14 CFIE 1998
15 La Tribune Desfosses 11/06/99 ; La Lettre du Continent 17/06/99 ; Tropical Timbers vol 14 no 9 Sept. 1999
16 Tropical Timbers vol 15 no 3, March 2000
17 Ibid
18 Marchés Tropicaux 15/12/99 and 31/12/99
19 For a full review of the current laws, see Global Forest Watch, 2000
20 Global Forest Watch, 2000, A First Look at Logging in Gabon
21 WWF Belgium 1997
22 Global Forest Watch, 2000
23 CFIE 1998 ; Tropical Timbers vol 14 no 9, september 1999
24 Global Forest Watch, 2000
25 Ibid
26 Ibid ; WWF Belgium, 1997
27 Global Forest Watch, 2000
28 CIAJE, 2000, Impacts des Activités des Compagnies Forestières Européennes sur les Populations locales et l’environnement
29 Global Forest Watch, 2000
30 Ibid
31 Ibid
32 Tropical Timbers, Vol 14 no 9, september 1999
33 WWF Belgium, 1997
34 WWF Belgium, 1997 ; CFIE 1998
35 WWF Belgium, 1997
36 CFIE, 1998
37 CFIE, 1998
38 Tropical Timbers vol 14 no 9, sept 1999
39 Ibid
40 Hardwoodmarkets.com, October 2000
41 Global Forest Watch, 2000
42 WWF Belgium, 1997
43 WWF Belgium, 1997 ; CFIE 1998
44 Global Forest Watch, 2000
45 Hardwoodmarkets.com, October 2000
46 Ibid
47 Reuters 21/04/2000
48 Doumenge C, 1998, La gestion des écosystèmes forestiers du Cameroun, du Gabon et de Guinée Equatoriale à l’aube de l’an 2000, IUCN
49 CFIE, 1998
50 Global Forest Watch, 2000
51 Ibid
52 Tropical Timbers, vol 15 no 3, March 2000
53 CIAJE, 2000
54 CIAJE, 2000
55 www.ecofac.org/composants/GabonLope.htm
56 Ibid
57 IFIA communiqué, July 18 2000
58 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
59 Daily Mail & Guardian, Johannesbourg, South Africa, April 15,1999
60 Ibid
61 Ibid
62 CIAJE, 2000
63 CIAJE, 2000
64 CIAJE, 2000
65 Global Forest Watch, 2000
66 Ibid
67 Pers comm. with DIARF representative, October 1999
68 Global Forest Watch, 2000 ; pers comm. Basso Legnami, September 2000
Partie III Profils de sociétés
Alpi
1 Http://africa-info.ihost.com/pages/2ci/eco034.htm
2 Amadeus corporate database (seen 04/2000)
3 Rice T & S Counsell, 1993
4 CED, 1999, État des lieux du secteur forestier au Cameroun — données statistiques
5 (manuscript) statistics prepared by the Forestry Customs Post at Douala
6 Carret J-C, 1999, Industrialisation de la filière bois au Cameroun, CERNA
7 Pers comm Alpi, september 2000
8 Rice T & S Counsell, 1993
9 Carret J-C, 1999
10 MINEF, Juillet 2000, Rapport de Classement final des Soumissions pour les Concessions Forestières
11 MINEF, Juin 1999, Planification de l’Attribution des Titres d’Exploitation Forestière
12 Greenpeace, 1999, Buying Destruction
13 Carret J-C, 1999
14 Pers comm Alpi, September 2000
15 MINEF, décembre 1999, Rapport de la mission d’evaluation des progrès realisés sur les concessions forestières (UFA) attribuées en 1997 dans la province de l’Est
16 MINEF, 1999, p.23: "…pour que Grumcam ne tombe pas dans les cas d’exploitation illicites rencontrés ailleurs",
17 pers comm Alpi, september 2000
Basso
18 Pers comm Basso Legnami, september 2000
19 Ibid
20 Ibid
21 Ibid
22 http://www.dree.org/gabon/francais/news/lettre.htm (loaded 27/04/2000)
23 Pers comm Basso Legnami, September 2000
Bolloré
24 Major Companies of Europe 2000, Graham and Whiteside. p765
25 Verschave F, 2000, "La résistible ascension du tandem Bolloré-Roussin", in Noir Silence: Qui Arrêtera la "Françafrique?
26 Bolloré, 1998, Annual Report
27 Ibid
28 www.otal.com/merger.htm (seen 05/2000)
29 Major Companies of Europe 2000, Graham and Whiteside. p765
30 www.saga.fr (seen 02/2000)
31 Letter from RAN to World Bank, july 26 2000
32 Letter from RAN to World Bank, 26th July 2000
33 Minutes of Ape Alliance meeting, October 2000, and pers comm Neil Maddison, Bristol Zoo, November 2000
34 Bolloré Annual report 1996 cited in Les Enterprises française et l’exploitation des forêts tropicales africaines CFIE, 1998, p110
35 SAGA website www.saga.fr
36 S Decalo, V Thompson & R Aldorf , 1996, Historical Dictionary of Congo ; EIU, 1998, Country Report — Congo (Brazzaville),Q4
37 Verschave F, 2000
38 Ibid
39 EIU, 1999, Country Profile — Cameroon and Central African Republic
40 Pers. Comm. C. Rivet, SEPBG, 10/1999
41 Pers comm Bolloré group, November 2000
42 www.panda.org/forestsummit (seen 05/2000)
43 pers comm Bolloré group, November 2000
44 CED, 1999
45 Ibid
46 pers comm Bolloré group, November 2000
47 Eba’a Atyi R, 1998
48 Robin des Bois, 1998, Évaluation de l’impact social et environnemental de la filière bois au Cameroun
49 MINEF, 1999, "Attributions- concessions forestières 1998/1999", SIGIF (Direction des Forêts)
50 CED, 1999
51 Ibid
52 Pers comm Bolloré, November 2000
53 MINEF Communiqué, Cameroon Tribune, 27 mars 2000
54 www.wwf.org.hk/efeature/990801.htm (downloaded 20/06/2000)
55 www.wwf.org.hk/efeature/990801.htm (downloaded 20/06/2000)
56 Stromayer K & Atanga Ekobo, 1991, Biological surveys of southeastern Cameroon
57 MINEF/GTZ, 1999, Enqûete preliminaire sur les armes a feu au sud-est Cameroun
58 MINEF, décembre 1999, Rapport de la Mission d’Evaluation des Progrès Réalisés sur les Concessions Forestières (FAS) Attribuées en 1997 dans la province de l’Est
59 www.wwf.org.hk/efeature/990801.htm (downloaded 20/06/2000)
60 Daily Mail & Guardian, Johannesburg, 04/08/99
61 Pers Comm Bolloré group, November 2000
62 Sizer N and D Plouvier, unpublished
63 WWF-Belgium, 1997
64 WRM/FM, 1998, High Stakes
65 Sizer N and Plouvier D, unpublished
66 Rice T & S Counsell, 1993
Bruynzeel
67 Rice T and S Counsell, 1993
68 Pers Comm Bruynzeel, August 2000 ; pers comm Pruchtnow, July 2000 ; T Rice & S Counsell, 1993
69 Pers comm Bruynzeel, September 2000
70 Decalo S, V Thompson and R Aldorf, 1996, Historical Dictionary of Congo ; pers comm Bruynzeel, September 2000
71 Dalhoff Larsen & Horneman A/S,1998, Annual Accounts, p8
72 Pers comm Bruynzeel, May 1999
Danzer
73 http://www.veneermill.com/intro.htm
74 Ibid
75 Rice T and S Counsell, 1993
76 Pers comm Danzer, September 2000
77 http://www.veneermill.com/intro.htm
78 Amadeus corporate database (seen 06/2000)
79 http://www.veneermill.com/intro.htm
80 Ibid
81 Rice T and S Counsell for Friends of the Earth, 1993
82 Kenrick J, 1990
83 Rice T and S Counsell, 1993
84 Pers comm DEG, September 2000
85 Pers comm DEG, September, 2000
86 Kenrick J, 1990
87 Pers. Comm. Siforco staff — Kinshasa (10/1999)
88 Commonwealth Forests Review No.74 (1), 1995
89 http://www.veneermill.com/unternehmen.htm
90 http://www.wspa.org.uk/escape/bushmeat06.html
91 Rettet den Regenwald, 1998, "Regenwald Report Nr 1/98"
92 http://www.wspa.org.uk/escape/bushmeat06.html (seen 06/2000)
93 http://panda.org/resources/publications/species/threatened/bonobo/page2.htm
94 Pers. Comm, H Luketa Shimbi (10/1999)
95 http://www.goldray.com/bushmeat/bonobo398.htm
96 http://www.wspa.org.uk/escape/bushmeat06.html
97 Statement by Danzer, 1998
98 http://www.veneermill.com/intro.htm
99 Pers Comm Danzer Furnierwerke, 31/07/00
DLH Nordisk
100 http://www.dlh-nordisk.com/profile.html (seen 07/2000)
101 Ibid
102 Ibid
103 http://www.dlh-group.com/engelsk/nyheder-eng/dlh-news/dlhnews399/nu-i-cameroun-eng.htm (seen 07/2000)
104 Dalhoff Larsen & Horneman A/S, 1998
105 Pers comm DLH Nordisk, September 2000
106 http://www.dlh-group.com/engelsk/nyheder-eng/dlh-news/dlhnews399/nu-i-cameroun-eng.htm
107 http://www.dlh-nordisk.com/profile.html
108 http://www.dlh-group.com/engelsk/nyheder-eng/dlh-news/dlhnews399/nu-i-cameroun-eng.htm
109 Dalhoff Larsen & Horneman A/S, 1998
110 Pers comm Bruynzeel, September 2000
111 http://www.dlh-nordisk.com/profile.html (seen 07/2000)
Feldmeyer
112 Firmenprofile1999/2000, Kompass Deutschland
113 Rice T & S Counsell, 1993
114 Pers comm.Feldmeyer, 3rd January 2001
115 IFIA Information Bulletin No1. p52
116 Ibid, p.51
117 IUCN, 1997
118 IUCN, 1997, Appendix F, p.76
119 IFIA Information Bulletin No1. p51
120 Ibid
121 Ibid
122 IUCN, 1997
123 IFIA Information Bulletin No1 p. 52 ; IUCN, 1997
124 Ape Alliance, 1998, The African Bushmeat Trade: A recipe for extinction
125 Pers. Comm. J Lewis (08/1999)
126 IUCN, 1997, p. ix
127 IUCN, 1997
128 Pers comm. Feldmeyer, 3rd January 2001
129 World Bank, A Preliminary Assessment of the Collaboration between CIB and WCS and support by the World Bank in Forest Concession Management ; K Amman, "Death in the Forest — Logging Business Means Death for Thousands of Gorillas and Chimpanzees" (http://goldray.com/bushmeat/karl.htm)
130 IUCN, 1997, p. xii
131 Forest Peoples Programme, January 2001
132 IUCN, 1997, p. x
133 Ibid, Appendix F, p.80
134 Ibid, Appendix F, p.82
135 Ibid, p.xi
136 Pers comm. Feldmeyer, 3rd January 2001
137 Ape Alliance, minutes and pers comm., 1999 and August 2000
138 Christian Science Monitor, November 26, 1996
139 Correspondence from WWF Belgium, 24 May 2000
140 Correspondence from WWF Belgium, 24 May 2000
141 Agreement on the Management of the Kabo, Pokola and Loundougou Forests adjacent to the Nouabale Ndoki National Park, Northern Congo, June 1999
142 WSPA, 2000, Bushmeat: Africa’s Conservation Crisis, p6
143 Ibid, p6
144 Forest Peoples Programme, May 2000
145 Ibid
146 Ibid
Interwood
147 Pinault Printemps Redoute, Annual Report, 1997, p.104
148 Amadeus corporate database, viewed September 2000
149 Ibid
150 Cameroon Tribune, 25 janvier, 2000, Annonce Legales
151 La Lettre du Continent, 18 fevrier 1999
152 ATIBT, Directory, 2000
153 CFIE, 1998
154 CED, 1999
155 CFIE, 1998
156 Global Forest Watch, Cameroon, 2000
157 Sizer N and Plouvier D, unpublished
158 Cameroon Tribune, 28 décembre, 2000
159 ATIBT Directory, 2000 ; CIAJE, 2000
160 CIAJE, 2000, p.11
161 Ibid
162 Ibid ; p.14
163 Ibid ; p.15
Pasquet
164 Amadeus (database) (seen 04/2000)
165 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens, 09/12/1994
166 CFIE, 1998
167 Ibid
168 CED, 1999
169 CED, 1999
170 Cameroon Tribune, 12 juillet 2000 ; MINEF, 1999
171 Schneeman J, 1994
Rougier
172 www.rougier.fr/gest.htm
173 Major Companies of Europe 2000, Graham and Whiteside, 1999
174 Groupe Rougier, 1999, Rapport Annuel
175 www.rougier.fr/fina.htm
176 CFIE, 1998
177 CFIE, 1998
178 CFIE, 1998
179 "Marotte — panneaux d’debanisterie" Groupe Rougier
180 CFIE, 1998
181 "CEPAM — plus vrai que nature" Groupe Rougier
182 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
183 Marchés Tropicaux, 26 mai 2000, p974-5
184 www.rougier.fr
185 Marchés Tropicaux, 26 mai 2000
186 Major companies of Europe 2000, Graham and Whiteside, 1999
187 CFIE,1998
188 www.rougier.fr/transcam.htm, downloaded 03/08/00
189 Cameroon Tribune, 11 janvier 2000, "Decision no 1427/D/MINEF/DF, les titres autorisés a l’exercise des activités en 1999/2000"
190 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993, Logging and Conflicts in the Rainforests of Cameroon, Milieu Defensie and NC-IUCN, p.5-6
191 CFIE, 1998
192 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993, p.6
193 www.rougier.fr/transcam.htm, downloaded 03/08/00
194 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993, p7
195 Ibid
196 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
197 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993, p7
198 Ibid, p7
199 Ibid, p7
200 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993
201 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
202 CFIE, 1998
203 Ibid
204 Ibid
205 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993
206 Ibid
207 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
208 CFIE, 1998
209 Ibid
210 Rapport de Mission de Controle de la S.I.M. et de la I.N.C., 02 juillet 2000
211 Groupe Rougier, Rapport Annuel, 1999
212 MINEF, juin 1999, Planification de l’Attribution Des Titres D’Exploitation Forestière
213 MINEF, juillet 2000, Rapport de Classement Final des Soumissions pour les Concessions Forestières
214 MINEF, 09 juin 2000, Procès Verbal de Constation d’Infraction, no 034
215 Cameroon Tribune, 28 décembre 2000
216 Carret J-C, 1999
217 (manuscript) statistics prepared by the Forestry Cutoms Post at Douala
218 www.rougier.fr/transcam.htm ; pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
219 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
220 Rapport de Mission de Controle de la S.I.M. et de la I.N.C., 02 juillet 2000
221 Cameroon Tribune, 28 decembre 2000
222 EIA, 1996, Corporate Power, Corruption and the Destruction of the World’s Forests ; T Rice and S Counsell, 1993
223 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
224 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens (10/03/2000)
225 www.rougier.fr/com0600.htm, downloaded 03/08/00
226 EIU, 1999, Country Report, Q4
227 www.rougier.fr/fina.htm, downloaded 03/08/00
228 Global Forest Watch, 2000, Cameroon
229 Greenpeace, 1999, Buying Destruction, p.41
230 www.rougier.fr/com0600.htm, downloaded 03/08/00
231 Marchés Tropicaux, 14 juillet 2000
232 www.auteri.net/ecochallenge/ and "Bushmeat: Africa’s Conservation Crisis", WSPA, March 2000 p.10
233 "Eco-warrior battling to keep Gabon Rainforest safe", April 8, 1997, posted at www.cnn.com/EARTH/9704/08/eco.warrior/index.html, downloaded 04/08/00
234 Pers. Comm. the Gabonais representative of AFAN/RAAF (10/1999)
235 Barbara Delano Foundation et al, 1998, "One day flight over the proposed Mingouli Reserve"
236 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
237 Pers comm. Rougier, November 2000
238 IFIA communiqué, Lopé Gabon, Paris, July 18th 2000
239 Pers Comm officials of AFD and the EU in Libreville (10/1999)
240 ATIBT Directory, 2000
241 pers comm Safi, August 2000
Sonae
242 Europe Dec 99/Jan 00, p27
243 Sonae Industria , 2000, Report and consolidated accounts 1999
244 Rice T & S Counsell, 1993
245 Ibid
246 Tafisa, 1999, Annual Report
247 Breghel van M & T Wanders, 1995
248 "Pers. Comm." a n of official of an EU-funded project in the region (09/1999)
249 Rice T & S Counsell, 1993
250 Global Forest Watch, 2000, Gabon
251 Journal l’Union (01/10/1999) reported at http://internetgabon/gabon/actu/actu %5F011099c.htm
252 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens (07/1998)
253 EIA, 1996
254 Plouvier D, 1997, Promotion of sustainable forest management and certification in timber producing Countries of West and Central Africa
255 EIA, 1996
256 Pers comm, AIDEnvironment, 1998
257 Wilks C, 1990, La conservation des écosystèmes forestiers du Gabon
258 http://www.ecofac.org/canopée/n16/n1608_GabonForet/
259 Liniger Gumaz M, 1989, Small is not always beautiful: the story of Equatorial Guinea
260 IFIA communiqué, July 18 2000
261 http://www.internetgabon.com/gabon/actu/ downloaded 27.07.00
Thanry
262 CFIE, 1998
263 MINEF, juin 1999, Attributions — concessions forestières (SIGIF)
264 MINEF, juin 1999, Attributions — ventes de coupe (SIGIF)
265 CED, 1999
266 Cameroon Law No.94-01 of 20th January 1994, page 45
267 Ibid, p16-17
268 CED, 1999
269 Ibid
270 (manuscript) statistics prepared by the Forestry Cutoms Post at Douala
271 Unconfirmed reports state that Vicwood has now bought Thanry’s operations in Cameroon
272 Greenpeace International, 1999
273 Pers. Comm. a representative of a major shipping group (10/1999)
274 Pers comm, representative of WWF, August 1997
275 MINEF, juin 1999, Planification de l’Attribution des Titres d’Exploitation Forestière ; Cameroon Tribune, 11 janvier 2000 ; Cameroon Tribune, 12 juillet 2000
276 CERNA, 1998
277 CFIE, 1998
278 Ibid
279 Ibid
280 Verhagen H & C Enthoven, 1993
281 Cameroon Tribune, 24 mars 2000
282 MINEF, décembre 1999, p.16
283 Ibid
284 Ibid
285 CFIE, 1998
286 MINEF, juin 1999 ; Cameroon Tribune, 11 janvier 2000 ; Cameroon Tribune, 12 juillet 2000
287 Carret J-C, 1999
288 Cameroon Tribune 24 mars 2000 ; MINEF Press Release no 1966, 09 juin 2000 ; Cameroon Tribune, 12 juillet 2000
289 Rapport d’activites de Yann Petrucci, Jan 1999 — Jan 2000, WWF, p7
290 MINEF, juin 1999
291 Cerna, 1998
292 Cameroon Tribune, 24 mars 2000 ; MINEF Press Release no 1966, 09 juin 2000
293 MINEF, décembre 1999
294 Lapuyade et al, 2000, Etude d’Impact Social et Environnemental de l’Exploitation Forestière dans la Concession de la CFC
295 Carret J-C, 1999
296 MINEF, juin 2000, Planification de l’Attribution des Titres D’Exploitation Forestière
297 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens (11/1999)
298 Pers comm WWF representative, August 1997
399 Kalk P, 1993, Central African Republic
300 See maps in this report
301 Global Forests Watch, 2000, Gabon
302 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens (25/9/1998)
303 Global Forests Watch, 2000, Gabon
304 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens (31/12/1999)
305 Plouvier D, 1997
306 Pers Comm Olivier Langrand, Libreville (10/1999)
307 Pers Comm. numerous people working in this field, Libreville (10/1999)
308 Global Forests Watch, 2000, Gabon
309 Ibid
310 CIAJE, 2000, Impacts des Activités des compagnies forestières européennes sur les populations locales et l’environnement
311 Ibid
312 Wilks C, 1990
313 briefings Youndé Forest Summit WWF-International (1999)
314 Wilks C, 1990
315 Marchés Tropicaux et Mediterranéens (15/1/1999)
Vasto Legno
316 http://www.vastocom.clio.it/vastolegno/def-uk.html
317 Ibid
318 IFIA, 1999, Information Bulletin No. 1 — IFIA Activities, Q1
319 Greenpeace International, 1999
320 CED, 1999
321 Carret J-C, 1999
322 MINEF, Rapport de Mission, no 633, 27 juillet 2000
323 Décision no 1427/D/MINEF/DF, Liste des titres autorisés a l’exercice d’activités en 1999/2000
324 Carret J-C, 1999
325 IFIA, 1999, p66
326 Ibid, p66
327 Ibid, p67
328 Ibid, p67
329 see Voix d’Afrique, 30/08/00 and Daily Mail & Guardian, Johannesburg, 04/08/99
330 Daily Mail & Guardian, Johannesburg, 04/08/99
331 MINEF, décembre 1999
332 Cameroon Tribune, 24 mars 2000
333 Cameroon Tribune, 12 juillet 2000
Wijma
334 http://www.wijma.com/ENG/main.html
335 http://www.wijma.de/e_wilkommen.htm
336 http://www.wijma.com/ENG/main.html
337 CED, 1999
338 CED, 1999
339 MINEF, Juillet 2000
340 MINEF, 2000, Rapport de Mission D’Evaluation des Progrés Réalisés dans les Concessions Forestières (UFA) Attribuées en 1997 dans les provinces du Centre et du Sud. p5
Wonnemann
341 Rice T and S. Counsell, 1993
342 Marchés Tropicaux, 10/03/2000
343 Rice T and S. Counsell, 1993
344 DEG, 25/07/2000
345 Marchés Tropicaux, 10/03/2000
346 Ibid
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